Sentence Transformation (According To Functions)
1. Sentence অর্থ অনুসারে ৫ প্রকার ।
Affirmative to Negative :
Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely → স্থানে→ None but(ব্যক্তি)/ nothing but(বস্তু)/ not more than or not less than(সংখা)
Ex: Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Aff: He has only a ball.
Neg: He has nothing but a ball.
Aff: He has only ten taka.
Neg: He has not more than ten taka.
Rule 2: Must/Have to /Has to → স্থানে → Cannot but+মূল verb/ Cannot help+ (v+ing).
Ex: Aff: We must obey our parents.
Neg: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents.
Rule 3: Both----and → স্থানে → not only ---- but also.
Ex: Aff: Both Dolon and Dola were excited.
Neg: Not only dolon but also Dola were excited
Rule 4: and (যদি দুটি শব্দ যোগ করে) →স্থানে → Not only ----- but also.
Ex: aff: He was obedient and gentle. Neg: He was not only obedient but also gentle.
Rule 5: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → স্থানে → There is no + attached word + but.
Ex: Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Rule 6: As soon as → স্থানে → No sooner had ----- Than.
Ex: Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 7: The Superlative degree → স্থানে → No other+ attached word+verb+so/as+ positive form+ as+subject.
Ex: aff: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh.
Neg: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.
Rule 8: প্রতিশব্দ বিপরীত শব্দ হবে। By Not.
Ex: Aff: I shall remember you.
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Rule 9: Always → স্থানে → Never প্রতিশব্দ বিপরীত শব্দ হবে।
Ex: aff: Raven always attends the class. Neg: Raven never misses the class.
Rule 10: Too ---- to → স্থানে → so ---that+Present হলে can not/ Past হলে could not.
Ex: Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Rule 11: As – as → স্থানে → Not less – than.
Ex: Aff: Simi was as wise as Rimi.
Neg: Simi was not less wise than Rimi.
Rule 12: Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative.
Ex: Aff: The Sun sets in the west.
Neg: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.
Rule 13: Sometimes স্থানে → Not + always.
Ex: Aff: Raven sometimes visits me. Neg: Raven doesn’t always visit me.
Rule 14: Many → স্থানে → Not a few.
Ex: Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I donot have few friends.
Rule 15: A few → স্থানে → not many.
Ex: Aff: Bangladesh has a few scholars. Neg: Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars.
Rule 16: Much → স্থানে → A little.
Ex: Aff: He belongs much money.
Neg: He doesn’t belong a little money.
Rule 17: A little → স্থানে → not much.
Ex: Aff: Dolon has a little riches.
Neg: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.
Assertive to Interrogative :
** Present Form=Don't ?
** Past Form=Didn't ?
** Verb+s/es=Doesn't ?
** Auxiluary Verb= Auxiluary Verb+n't?
** Every/Some/All/Body=Who ?
Rule 1: যদি sentence টি affirmative হয় তাহলে negative interrogative করতে হবে.আর যদি negative হয় affermative interrogative করতে হবে।
Ex: Ass: He was very gentle.
Int: was n’t he very gentle?
Aff: He is not a good person.
Int: Is he a good person?
Rule 2: যদি auxiliary verb না থাকে →
Present form হলে Do/ Don’t
Past form হলে Did/Didn’t.
Verb+s,es হলে Does/Doesn’t
Ex: Ass:He plays Football.
Int: Doesn't he play football?
Ass: They did not play football yesterday.
Int: Did they play football yesterday?
Rule3: Never → স্থানে → Ever.
Ass: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
Rule 4: Every body/everyone/ All → স্থানে → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t
Ex: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Int : Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 5: Every + noun → স্থানে → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/
didn’t.
Ex: Ass: Every man wishes to be happy.
Int: Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy?
Rule 6: No body/ no one / None → স্থানে → Who.
Ex: Nobody could count my love for you.
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
Rule 7 : There is no → স্থানে → Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing).
Ex: Ass: There is no use of this law.
Int: What is the use of this law?
Ass: There is no man happier than Jamil.
Int: Who is Happier than jamil?
Rule 8: It Is no → স্থানে → Is there any/Why.
Ex: Ass: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam.
Int: Why take unfair means in the exam? Or,
Is there any use of this law?
Rule 9: It Doesn’t matter → স্থানে → what though/ Does it matter.
Ex: Ass: It does not matter if you fail in te exam.
Int: What though if you fail in the exam?
Exclamatory to Assertive :
Rule 1: what a/an → স্থানে → a very(before adjective)/ a great(before noun)
Ex: What a beautiful scenery!
Ass: It is a very beautiful scenery.
Ex: What a pity!
Ass: It is a great pity.
Rule2: How → স্থানে → Very(before adjective)/ Great(before noun)
Ex: How fortunate you are!
Ass: You are very fortunate.
Exc: What a fool you are!
Ass: You are a great fool.
Rule 3: Hurrah/ Bravo → স্থানে → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that.
Ex: Hurrah! We have own the game.
Ass: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.
Rule 4: Alas → স্থানে → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that.
Ex: Alas! He has failed.
Ass: We mourn that he has failed.
Rule 5: Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) → স্থানে → I wish + subject again + were/ had+ rest part.
Ex: Had I the wings of a bird!
Ass: I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Ex: Were I a bird!
Ass: I wish I were a bird.
Ex: If I were young again!
Ass: I wish I were young again.
Ex: would that I could be a child!
Ass: I wish I could be a child.
Imperative to Assertive :
Rule 1: subject + should+verb.
Ex: Do the work.
Ass: you should do the work.
Rule 2: Please/kindly → স্থানে→ you are requested to+verb.
Ex: Please, help me.
Ass: You are requested to help me.
Rule 3: Do not → স্থানে → You should not.
Ex: Do not run in the sun.
Ass: you should not run in the sun.
Rule 4: Never → স্থানে → you should never.
Ex: Never tell a lie.
Ass: You should never tell a lie.
Rule 5: Let us → স্থানে → We should.
Ex: Let us go out for a walk.
Ass: We should go out for a walk.
Rule 6: Let + noun/pronoun → স্থানে → Subject + might.
Ex: Let him play football.
Ass: He might play football.